Ropper

Ropper is designed to assist in exploitation by identifying Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) gadgets within binary files. It supports multiple file formats such as ELF, PE, Mach-O, and Raw, and various architectures like x86, x86_64, MIPS, ARM/Thumb, ARM64, PowerPC, and SPARC. This makes it valuable for security researchers building ROP chains during vulnerability exploitation.

Use cases include analyzing binaries for potential ROP gadgets to bypass security mitigations like DEP/NX, generating ROP chains for specific tasks such as execve or mprotect on Linux x86/x86_64, or virtualprotect on Windows x86. The tool provides detailed information on sections, imports, symbols, and disassembly, aiding in reverse engineering and exploit development.

Ropper's interactive console mode allows dynamic exploration, while command-line options enable targeted searches for gadgets, opcodes, or instructions with customizable quality and detail levels.

Ropper loads binary files in supported formats (ELF, PE, Mach-O, Raw) and architectures (x86/x86_64, MIPS, ARM/ARM64, PowerPC, SPARC). It leverages the Capstone Framework for disassembly to scan for ROP gadgets—short instruction sequences ending in 'ret' that can be chained. Features include gadget search by regex, opcode, instructions, or type; stack pivot detection; and ROP chain generation for tasks like execve(/bin/sh), mprotect, or virtualprotect. It displays binary info such as sections, imports, symbols, and image base, with options for raw file handling or specific architecture overrides.